VPN Comparison
Compare 56 VPN providers side by side on the details that actually decide how private a service is: jurisdiction, logging, independent audits, encryption and protocols, and the account and payment fine print. Every value is independently researched by Reclaim The Net against primary sources.
VPNs
Details
| VPN | Company & trust | Logging & audits | Encryption & protocols | Infrastructure | Leak protection & security | Network features | Account & payment | Apps | Pricing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Legal jurisdiction | Outside 14 Eyes | Transparency report | Warrant canary | Court-tested | What it logs | No-logs audit | Security audits | Protocols | Data encryption | Handshake encryption | Open-source clients | RAM-only servers | Server ownership | Servers | Countries | Kill switch | Leak protection | First-party DNS | Custom DNS | Two-factor auth | Multi-hop | Obfuscation | Split tunneling | Port forwarding | P2P policy | Router support | Ad / tracker blocking | Streaming | Speed | Signup details | Account model | Anonymous payment | Simultaneous devices | Windows | macOS | Linux | Android | F-Droid | iOS | From | |
 AdGuard VPN | Cyprus (AdGuard Software Limited, Limassol); EU, subject to GDPR; outside 5/9/14 Eyes; no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✓ | – | – | – | Policy states no activity or connection/session logs; retains account email and aggregate traffic volume used to enforce free-tier limits and manage subscriptions | ✗ | ✗ | AdGuard VPN protocol / TrustTunnel (custom; runs over HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 (QUIC)) | AES-256 | TLS (HTTPS) | ✗ | – | – | 800+ | 60+ | App-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Native; custom protocol disguises traffic as ordinary HTTPS over HTTP/2, designed to resist deep-packet inspection and blocking | ✓ | – | Supported on paid plan; no dedicated P2P servers | – | Not built into the VPN app; separate AdGuard product; VPN DNS can apply filtering | ✓ | – | Email (or Google/Apple/Facebook sign-in) | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | $2.99/month (2-year plan) |
 AirVPN | Italy: EU/GDPR; no mandatory VPN data-retention law, but Italy is within the 14 Eyes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | No activity, traffic content, or IP logs; connection data handled only in RAM for the time needed to provide the service | No | No | WireGuard, OpenVPN | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | RSA-4096 / Curve25519 (ECDH), PFS re-keyed every 60 min | ✓ | – | Rented | ~255 | ~23 | System-level | DNS, IPv6 | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✗ | Yes: OpenVPN over SSL or SSH tunnel | ✓ | Yes: up to 5 remote ports | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | Yes: DNS block lists (ads, trackers, malware) | Partial: not streaming-focused; inconsistent for Netflix and similar | Fast on WireGuard; weaker upload speeds | Username/password; real email address not required, no personal data forced | Username account (email optional, no personal data required) | ✓ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ~€2.75/mo (3-yr plan, €99) |
 Amnezia VPN | Romania (EU): registered 2026; no mandatory VPN data-retention law. Project origins with Russian anti-censorship activists (Roskomsvoboda/OTF-funded) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | No activity or connection logs; email kept for Premium accounts, Telegram ID for Free; temporary IP logging only during abuse/DDoS investigations | No | Yes: 7ASecurity, 2022, 2024 and 2025 (white-box pentests of mobile/desktop apps and infrastructure; findings remediated) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, proprietary/other | AES-256 / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard/AmneziaWG); RSA for OpenVPN | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | ~20 (Premium) | App-level | DNS | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | Yes: core focus: AmneziaWG, XRay VLESS Reality, Cloak, Shadowsocks | Yes: per-app and per-site (platform-dependent) | – | Yes: Premium, Switzerland location only | – | – | Yes: Premium unblocks Netflix, YouTube, etc. | Fast (up to ~200 Mbps on Premium) | Email (Premium); Telegram ID (Free); none for self-hosted | Email-tied account (Premium) | ✓ | 7 (Premium) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.00/mo (annual, $48/yr); self-hosted client and basic Free tier are $0 |
 AstrillVPN | Liechtenstein (Veloxee Corp., Vaduz); relocated from Seychelles around 2021; no mandatory data-retention law, but policy retains some connection metadata | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Retains last 20 connection records per account (connection time, duration, country, device type, client version); session IP/device/version tracked while connected and deleted on disconnect; per-account bandwidth totals counted | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, OpenWeb, StealthVPN | AES-256 | – | ✗ | ✓ | – | 300+ | 57 to 58 | App-level (App Guard); desktop only | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | – | ✓ | StealthVPN / OpenWeb | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | Partial; some servers work with Netflix | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $12.50/month (2-year plan) | |
 Avast SecureLine VPN | Czech Republic (Prague); parent Gen Digital is US-based; EU member with no VPN-specific mandatory retention law | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | – | Retains connection metadata: bandwidth (18 mo), connection events (12 mo), app events (18 mo), device context; states it does not log source IP, DNS queries or content. Parent Avast previously sold browsing data via Jumpshot (FTC US$16.5M order, 2024) | ✗ | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec, Mimic | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~700 | ~34 | App-level (desktop; off by default) | DNS / IPv6 | ✓ | ✗ | – | ✗ | Mimic | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on P2P-optimized servers (select locations) | ✗ | ✗ | Partial (dedicated servers; inconsistent results) | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.39/mo (3-yr plan, first term) | |
 AVG Secure VPN | Czech Republic (Brno); parent Gen Digital is US-based; runs on the same SecureLine backend as Avast SecureLine | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | – | Retains connection metadata (timestamps, source IP subnet, server IP, bandwidth); connection events ~12 mo, app events ~18 mo; no browsing logs. Shared policy with Avast; parent involved in Jumpshot data-selling (FTC order, 2024) | ✗ | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec, Mimic | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~700 | ~37 | App-level (desktop; off by default) | DNS / IPv6 | ✓ | ✗ | – | ✗ | Mimic | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on 8 P2P-optimized servers | ✗ | ✗ | Partial (some Netflix libraries; fails on Disney+, iPlayer, Prime) | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.39/mo (2 to 3-yr plan, first term) | |
 AzireVPN | Sweden (operated by Netbouncer AB; owned by Malwarebytes, USA since 2024): no VPN-specific data-retention law in Sweden | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | 2023 transparency report: 2 valid legal requests received, 0 bytes of user data provided (no seizure documented) | No activity or connection logs (no traffic, IP, DNS or timestamp logs) | Partial: X41 D-Sec (Dec 2025–Jan 2026) security audit reported no evidence of user activity logging; not a dedicated no-logs audit | Yes: X41 D-Sec, 2025–2026 (white-box software + hardware pen test) | WireGuard, OpenVPN | AES-256 / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | – | ✓ | Owned | ~153 servers / 62 locations | – | System-level and app-level (always-on) | DNS, IPv6 | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | Android only | ✓ | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | ✗ | Limited: works with some services (Netflix, Prime, Disney+) but not guaranteed | Fast | Username/password; email optional (not required) | Anonymous account (email optional) | ✗ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ~€3.75/mo (12-month plan, €45/yr) |
 Betternet | United States (Boston, MA): Five Eyes member; no VPN data-retention law but subject to subpoenas and National Security Letters | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no activity logs; privacy policy admits collecting device IP (encrypted, session-only), device/mobile advertising identifiers, OS, ISP and connection timestamps; free tier is ad-supported and serves ads via third-party ad networks | Pango privacy-policy review report (published 2024; earlier 2023 version); a policy review, not a full no-logs infrastructure audit | ✗ | Catapult Hydra (proprietary), WireGuard, IKEv2/IPSec | AES-256 (WireGuard/IKEv2); AES-128 (Hydra) | RSA-2048 DHE (Hydra); Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | – | Mixed | 1,000+ | ~115 (many virtual locations) | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | – | ✗ | Catapult Hydra masks traffic (proprietary) | ✓ | ✗ | Restricted; conflicting reports (premium servers only per some reviews) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | – | Email account required; free tier needs an account but no payment | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 (premium); 1 (free) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Free tier (500MB/day); paid from ~US$7.99/mo (annual plan) |
 Bitdefender VPN | Romania: outside 14 Eyes, no mandatory VPN data-retention (retention law struck down as unconstitutional); note VPN backend/data processor is US-based Aura (formerly Pango) | ✓ | – | – | – | States no activity logs, no connection timestamps, no stored IP; runs on third-party Aura/Pango (Hotspot Shield) infrastructure as data processor; retains account email + minimal session data | Claimed 2025 independent audit of the infrastructure; auditor undisclosed and no public report | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256 (OpenVPN/IKEv2) / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | – | Rented | ~3,000+ | ~100 | App-level | DNS | – | – | ✓ | Double Hop | – | ✓ | – | Allowed | ✗ | Ad blocker (WireGuard-based clients) | Partial: Netflix US, BBC iPlayer | – | Email (Bitdefender Central account) | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.92/mo (1-yr plan, first year) |
 BolehVPN | Malaysia-based; Seychelles governing law per ToS; no mandatory VPN data-retention regime | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | No-logs claimed; policy reserves the right to temporarily enable logging to identify service abuse (DoS, spam, or specific complaints); keeps anonymized aggregate server-use data | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec | AES-256 | RSA-4096 / DHE-4096 | ✗ | – | – | ~35 (as of 2025) | ~12 (as of 2025) | App-level (desktop only) | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | – | – | – | – | Cloak (xCloak) servers | ✗ | ✓ | Yes; on P2P/fully-routed servers | ✓ | ✗ | Partial | Slow | Email-tied account | ✓ | 3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | $6.66/mo on the annual plan (as of 2025) | |
 Brave VPN | United States; VPN backend operated by Guardian (Sudo Security Group, a US company owned by DNSFilter), Brave is US-based; no mandatory VPN data-retention law but subject to US subpoenas, NSLs and gag orders (Five Eyes) | ✗ | ✓ | – | – | Brave VPN is a resold/rebranded front end for Guardian's VPN infrastructure; stated no-logs (no traffic, DNS, connection data, IP or bandwidth logging); journald on production nodes set to non-persistent; Brave itself sees only signup email and payment method, and uses unlinkable purchase tokens so it cannot tell when the VPN is used | Yes: Assured (Sweden), 2024 | Yes: Assured; software audit Feb 2024, infrastructure audit Apr 2024 | WireGuard, IKEv2/IPsec | WireGuard: ChaCha20; IKEv2/IPsec: AES-256 | WireGuard: Curve25519 | ✓ | ✗ | – | 300+ | 40+ countries/regions | App-level | DNS leak protection | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Tracker blocking (Guardian firewall) | – | – | Email address; payment method; billing address (desktop) | Email-tied account (unlinkable purchase token) | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $99.99/year |
 Bytz VPN | United States (Marina del Rey, California; founder Rob Braxman): 5 Eyes member, no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | – | – | – | States no logging and no record of user IP addresses; servers configured with no storage allocated to keep logs; optional BytzTOR routes traffic through Tor | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✗ | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | Anti-DPI stealth mode (obscures VPN use, aims to bypass VPN blocks) | – | – | – | – | Pi-hole DNS ad and tracker blocking | – | – | No KYC required | – | ✓ | 6 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | US$89/yr (VPN + BytzTOR bundle) |
 CactusVPN | Canada: 5 Eyes member; relocated from Moldova in 2016; Canada has no mandatory data-retention law but shares intelligence | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no activity, IP, timestamp, bandwidth or DNS logs; retains account email and billing details, stated as not linked to VPN usage | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2/IPSec, SoftEther, SSTP, L2TP/IPSec, PPTP | AES-256 | 2048-bit DHE-RSA; SHA-256 auth | ✗ | – | Rented | ~35 | ~22 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | Obfsproxy | ✓ | – | Dedicated P2P servers | ✓ | – | Smart DNS (340+ sites) | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $3.96/mo (2-year plan) | |
 cryptostorm | Iceland (roots): decentralized, no central HQ; staff outside incorporation jurisdictions; no forced data-retention | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | No logs that can identify a customer: no connection times, source IP, or destination; minimal operational/security logs only | No | No | WireGuard, OpenVPN | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20-Poly1305 | RSA-8192 / Curve25519 / ECC (Ed25519, secp521r1); ML-DSA-87 post-quantum option | – | ✗ | Rented | ~28-30 | ~16-17 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | ✓ | – | ✗ | ✓ | HTTPS, SSH, obfs4 | ✓ | ✓ | Allowed (BitTorrent/P2P explicitly permitted) | ✓ | TrackerSmacker (opt-in DNS ad/tracker blocker) | Limited (Netflix reachable but slow) | Slow to average | None: anonymous access token (no email required for crypto payment) | Anonymous account number | ✓ | 1-6 (varies by plan) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$3.92/mo (2-yr, $94); lifetime $500 |
 CyberGhost | Romania; no mandatory data-retention law (Romania's data-retention laws were struck down by its Constitutional Court in 2009 and 2014) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | – | No-logs; states it does not store source IP, assigned VPN IP, browsing history, DNS queries, timestamps, session data, or bandwidth | Yes: Deloitte Romania, 2025 (3rd audit, ISAE 3000; prior audits 2022 and 2024) | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec | AES-256 (OpenVPN/IKEv2); ChaCha20-Poly1305 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard); RSA-4096 (OpenVPN) | ✗ | ✓ | Mixed (NoSpy servers owned in Romania; rest rented; portion virtual) | ~9,900 (as of 2026) | ~100 | System-level | DNS and IPv6 leak protection | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Yes; dedicated P2P/torrent-optimized servers | ✓ | Yes; Content Blocker (DNS-based, on/off only) | Yes; dedicated streaming-optimized servers | – | Email address required at signup | Email-tied account | ✓ | 7 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~$2.03 to $2.19/month on 2-year plan (as of 2026) |
 ExpressVPN | British Virgin Islands; no mandatory data-retention or compelled-logging laws for VPN providers | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | 2017 Turkey: server seized in Andrey Karlov assassination probe; no logs recovered, confirming no-logs design | No activity or connection logs; no IP address, browsing history, traffic destination, or DNS queries stored | Yes: KPMG, 2025 (prior audits 2023, 2022) | Yes: Cure53, 2024 (Lightway Rust rewrite); many audits 2018 to 2026 | Lightway, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20-Poly1305 | RSA-4096 (OpenVPN); TLS 1.3 via wolfSSL (Lightway) | ✗ | ✓ | Rented | 3,000+ (exact count undisclosed) | ~105 | App-level (Network Lock) | DNS, IPv6, and WebRTC leak protection | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | Yes: automatic obfuscation built into Lightway/protocols | ✓ | ✗ | Yes: all servers | ✓ | Yes: Threat Manager / Ad Blocker (device-side DNS-based) | ✓ | Fast | Email address required | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 (Basic); up to 14 (Pro) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | From ~$2.49/mo on 2-year Basic plan (as of 2026) |
 FastestVPN | Cayman Islands: outside 5/9/14 Eyes, no mandatory data-retention law | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no browsing logs; retains email, payment info, connection duration and bandwidth usage | Yes: Altius IT, 2023 | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPSec | AES-256 / ChaCha20 | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~800 | ~48 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC; Windows DNS and IPv6 leaks reported in testing | ✓ | – | ✗ | Limited: a few Double VPN servers | ✗ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$0.83/mo (2-yr plan); lifetime ~US$40 one-time | |
 hide.me | Malaysia: no mandatory VPN/data-retention law | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✗ | No activity or connection logs (no originating IP, timestamps, assigned server IP, DNS queries or browsing history) | Yes: Securitum, 2024 | Yes: DefenseCode (2015); App Defense Alliance MASA | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, proprietary/other | AES-256 / ChaCha20 | RSA-4096 / Curve25519 | ✗ | ✓ | – | ~2,600 | ~91 | System-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Dynamic only (UPnP/NAT-PMP) | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | Yes (SmartGuard) | ✓ | Fast | Email (removable after registration) | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.69/mo (2-yr) |
 HideMyAss | United Kingdom (5 Eyes); owned by Gen Digital via its Avast subsidiary; subject to UK Investigatory Powers Act data-retention regime | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | 2011: under a UK court order HMA handed over connection logs that helped identify LulzSec member Cody Kretsinger over the Sony Pictures hack; he was arrested and later convicted | No-log policy since May 2020: states it does not log originating IP, DNS queries, browsing activity, bandwidth used, or VPN connection timestamps; limited aggregate diagnostic data may be retained | Yes: VerSprite, 2020 | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, Mimic | AES-256-GCM; ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | RSA-4096; SHA-256 | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~3,400 | ~65 countries; ~100 locations | System-level and app-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | – | – | – | ✗ | Mimic | ✓ | ✗ | Dedicated servers | – | ✗ | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 (10 on Family plan) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $2.99/mo | |
 Hola VPN | Israel (Hola VPN Ltd.); outside the 14 Eyes but a known intelligence-sharing partner; retains logs up to 12 months and shares with law enforcement and affiliates | ✓ | – | – | – | Not a no-logs service; logs IP address, browsing history, access times and dates, OS, browser type, and installed apps; retained up to 12 months (longer if required); discloses to law enforcement on subpoena/court order and to affiliated companies | ✗ | ✗ | IKEv2/IPSec, PPTP, L2TP | AES-256 on Windows IKEv2 (128/192/256 options); PPTP fallback on mobile/macOS provides no real encryption; core service is a peer-to-peer proxy routing traffic through other users' devices, not dedicated servers | – | ✗ | – | – | – | – | App-level (Windows only; absent on macOS and iOS) | – | – | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | – | Core architecture; free users' devices act as exit nodes and traffic routes through other users' connections | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | – | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $2.99/month (3-year plan) |
 Hotspot Shield | United States: Five Eyes member; no mandatory VPN data-retention law but subject to subpoenas and National Security Letters | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | 2017 CDT complaint to the FTC alleged the free app engaged in undisclosed data sharing, traffic interception and redirection to advertising partners, and JavaScript/ad injection, contradicting its privacy claims; no known FTC enforcement action or settlement resulted | States no browsing-activity logs; acknowledges collecting connection timestamps, bandwidth used, device identifiers and anonymized domains for service operation; retains account email and payment info | Yes: Aon, 2023 (no-logs policy review; excluded penetration testing and full security review) | Limited: Hydra protocol tested by AV-TEST; no published independent audit of apps or infrastructure | Catapult Hydra, WireGuard, IKEv2 | AES-256 (Hydra, IKEv2); ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | ✗ | Mixed | ~1,800 (company also cites 500+; many virtual locations) | 80+ | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | Built into Catapult Hydra protocol | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on premium servers | ✓ | Ad, tracker, cookie and malware blocking via browser extensions | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.99/mo (1-yr plan) | |
 ibVPN | Romania (Amplusnet SRL); no mandatory communications data-retention law: the Constitutional Court struck down the EU Data Retention Directive transposition twice (2009 and 2014) | ✓ | – | – | – | Claims no traffic, connection, or usage logs; retains only account email and password | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN (UDP/TCP), IKEv2, L2TP/IPsec, SSTP, PPTP, SoftEther, Shadowsocks, Stealth VPN | AES-256 | RSA-2048 | ✗ | – | – | ~180 (as of 2025) | ~50 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | – | Yes (Double VPN) | Stealth VPN (Windows/Android) | ✓ | ✓ | Yes; dedicated P2P servers (Torrent/Ultimate plans) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | Up to 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | $3.08/mo (Standard, annual; as of 2026) | |
 IPVanish | United States: Five Eyes member; no mandatory VPN data-retention law but subject to subpoenas, NSLs and gag orders | ✗ | ✓ | – | 2016: under then-owner Highwinds/Mudhook, handed connection logs (source IP, connect/disconnect times) to US Homeland Security in an IRC child-exploitation case despite a no-logs claim; disclosed 2018 via TorrentFreak | Current policy: no traffic, DNS, metadata or connection logs; retains account email + payment info. Past: 2016 incident (pre-StackPath) contradicted the no-logs claim; company says logging systems were removed after 2017 acquisition | Yes: Leviathan, 2022; Schellman, 2025 | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard); RSA-2048 (OpenVPN) | ✗ | ✗ | Owned | ~3,200+ (as of 2026) | ~110 | App-level | DNS / IPv6 | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | Scramble (OpenVPN XOR over port 443) | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | Threat Protection (malware & tracker blocking) | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.19/mo (2-yr Essential plan) | |
 IVPN | Gibraltar: no mandatory data-retention / no VPN logging law | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | No activity or connection logs (no IP, no traffic, no timestamps tied to accounts) | Yes: Cure53, 2019 | Yes: Cure53 (annual; 6th audit concluded 2024, 7th in 2025) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard) / RSA-4096 (OpenVPN) | ✓ | ✗ | Rented | ~56 locations | ~40 | System-level | DNS, IPv6 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Yes (all plans) | Yes (V2Ray / VMess over QUIC or TCP) | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on all servers except US locations | ✓ | Yes (AntiTracker: blocks ads/trackers/malware domains) | ✗ | Fast | None: anonymous account ID generated, no email required | Anonymous account number | ✓ | 5 (Standard/Plus) / 10 (Pro Suite) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ~US$5/mo (Standard, annual) |
 Kaspersky VPN | Russia: no VPN-friendly no-retention regime; subject to Russian data-localisation and SORM lawful-intercept regime. Banned in the US: the Commerce Dept (BIS) prohibited Kaspersky from selling products/services or issuing updates to US persons (sales stopped 20 Jul 2024; updates barred from 29/30 Sep 2024), and Kaspersky withdrew from the US market | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no activity logs, but historically operated under the third-party backend's privacy policy and its own policy collects device data, network info, subscription and account details; states it will disclose data to authorities on terms violations | ✗ | Aon Cyber Solutions 'trust audit' of the legacy Catapult Hydra / Pango backend (announced 2023); SOC 2 (2019). No audit published for the current PureVPN-based infrastructure | WireGuard | ChaCha20 (WireGuard); legacy builds used AES-256 with Catapult Hydra / OpenVPN | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | – | Rented | ~2,000 | ~90 (source figures vary 49 to 110 amid backend migration) | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | – | Allowed | ✗ | – | Partial; Netflix inconsistent | – | Email (My Kaspersky account) | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.71/mo (2-yr plan); not sold in the US due to the federal ban |
 Le VPN | Hong Kong (VTNV Solutions Limited); founded in France in 2010, HQ moved to Hong Kong in 2012 to sit outside data-retention laws; Hong Kong has no mandatory data-retention law, but Le VPN's own policy retains connection data | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Reviews find the policy retains the user's real IP address, connection timestamps, assigned VPN server IP, and bandwidth/data usage; claims not to log sites visited; reported retention up to about 5 years; markets itself as 'no-logs' but that claim is contested by reviewers (as of 2026) | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN, WireGuard, L2TP/IPsec, PPTP | AES-256 (OpenVPN); ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | – | ✗ | – | Rented | ~700+ (as of 2026) | ~100 | App-level | DNS / IP / WebRTC | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Yes; dedicated P2P servers | ✓ | ✗ | Partial; Netflix, BBC iPlayer, Prime Video, Max work; Hulu and Disney+ fail (as of 2026) | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $2.22/month on 3-year plan (as of 2026) | |
 Librem Tunnel | United States (Purism SPC, San Francisco, California): 5 Eyes member; service runs on Private Internet Access infrastructure | ✗ | – | – | Underlying PIA no-logs policy has held up in US court cases (2016, 2018); Librem Tunnel itself not separately tested | No traffic logging per Purism policy; built on Private Internet Access (PIA) infrastructure, which operates a no-logs policy | – | – | OpenVPN | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Email (Librem One account) | Email-tied account | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ~US$5.99/mo (US$71.91/yr Librem One Complete bundle: Mail, Chat, Social, Tunnel) |
 Malwarebytes VPN | United States: no mandatory data-retention law, but a Five/9/14 Eyes member; can be compelled via subpoena | ✗ | – | ✗ | ✗ | No activity or connection logs: states it does not track, log or store user activity; retains only aggregate bandwidth and account public key | Yes: X41 D-Sec, 2025–2026 white-box audit found no evidence of activity logging (as part of a security audit) | Yes: X41 D-Sec, 2025–2026 (shared AzireVPN/Malwarebytes infrastructure; 2 critical, 8 medium, 4 low findings, remediation ongoing) | WireGuard | ChaCha20-Poly1305 (256-bit) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | ✓ | Owned | ~150+ | ~45 countries (~60 locations) | App-level (Windows & macOS) | DNS, IPv6 (native IPv6 support) | – | – | ✓ | Desktop only (Windows and macOS); not on mobile | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed: torrenting works on standard servers | ✗ | ✗ | Partial: Netflix unblocks in some regions (US/UK/CA/AU), inconsistent | Fast (WireGuard, mostly 10G servers) | Email-tied account | ✗ | Up to 20 (plan-dependent; entry plans 1 or 5) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$3.33/mo (1-device annual, $39.99/yr); ~US$5.00/mo for 5 devices ($59.99/yr) | |
 McAfee VPN | USA: McAfee Corp (San Jose, California); Five Eyes member, no mandatory data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Not a strict no-logs VPN; privacy policy permits collecting account details, connection timestamps, IP addresses and telemetry | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN | WireGuard: ChaCha20; OpenVPN: AES-256 | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | – | ~48 | App-level (Windows, Android only) | DNS / WebRTC | – | ✗ | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on all servers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Email (McAfee account) | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 (Unlimited on Premium / Advanced tiers) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$29.99 first year (bundled in McAfee Total Protection) |
 Mozilla VPN | United States (Mozilla Corporation): no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | No logging of network traffic/activity; collects limited technical/reliability telemetry | No | Yes: Cure53, 2020, 2021 & 2023 | WireGuard | ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 | ✓ | ✓ | Rented | 500+ | 30+ | System-level | DNS, WebRTC | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed | ✗ | Ads, trackers & malware blocking | ✗ | Fast | Email (Mozilla account) | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.99/mo (annual) |
 Mullvad | Sweden: no mandatory data-retention law for VPN providers | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | April 2023 Swedish police raid on Gothenburg office; police left with no customer data as none existed | No activity, traffic, DNS, IP, bandwidth or connection-timestamp logs | Yes: Cure53 infrastructure/anonymity audit, 2024 (no data-retention issues found) | Yes: X41 D-Sec app pentest (2024) and Assured web-app pentest (2025); prior Cure53/Assured audits | WireGuard | ChaCha20-Poly1305 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✓ | ✓ | Mix | ~567 | ~50 | System-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Yes: Shadowsocks and UDP-over-TCP (plus DAITA) | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | Yes: DNS-level content blocking (ads, trackers, malware, etc.) | Limited: not optimized for streaming | Fast | None: random account number generated | Anonymous account number | ✓ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | €5/mo (~US$5.50) flat, no long-term discount |
 Namecheap VPN | United States: Five Eyes member; backend runs on the US-operated WLVPN white-label network; no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | White-label FastVPN on the WLVPN network; claims no activity logs; retains basic connection logs plus device/OS telemetry linked to a user ID | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256 | – | ✗ | – | Rented | ~1,000 | ~50 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC | – | – | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | Partial: some Netflix regions, Prime Video, Disney+; blocked by Hulu | Moderate | Namecheap account (email) | Email-tied account | ✓ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$1/mo (1-yr promo) |
 NordVPN | Panama: no mandatory data-retention law | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Oct 2024 binding Panamanian prosecutor warrant; provided account/payment data but no traffic or connection logs (says none kept) | No activity or connection logs (RAM-only servers) | Yes: Deloitte, 2025 (6th assurance engagement) | Yes: Cure53, 2025 (apps + infrastructure; earlier VerSprite 2021) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, proprietary/other | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (NordLynx) | Curve25519 (NordLynx) / RSA-4096 (OpenVPN) | ✗ | ✓ | Rented | ~8,400 | ~149 | System-level | DNS, IPv6, WebRTC (browser extension) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Double VPN | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Yes: dedicated P2P servers | ✓ | Yes: Threat Protection | ✓ | Fast (NordLynx/WireGuard) | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$3.49/mo (2-yr Basic) | |
 Norton Secure VPN | USA: Gen Digital (Arizona); no mandatory data-retention law, but Five Eyes member and subject to subpoenas / NSLs | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | – | No-logs policy; no browsing history, DNS requests, IP addresses or connection timestamps; retains minimal operational metadata (device name/type, aggregate bandwidth) | Yes: VerSprite, 2025 (Technical Privacy Impact Assessment) | Yes: VerSprite, 2025 (Mimic protocol) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec, Mimic | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~2,000 | 90+ | App-level (Windows, macOS, Android; not iOS) | DNS | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Double VPN (~8 server pairs) | Mimic | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on P2P-optimized servers | ✗ | Ad Tracker Blocking (in-app) plus Ad Blocker browser extension | ✓ | – | Email, name and payment info | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 to 10 (by plan) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$39.99/yr first year (Standard, standalone; renews ~$79.99/yr) |
 NymVPN | Switzerland (Nym Technologies SA, Neuchatel): no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | No logs by architecture: decentralized zero-knowledge mixnet; does not store browsing history, IP addresses, destinations or traffic content | No: no independent no-logs policy audit published (no-logs is claimed by architecture) | Yes: Cure53 (2024); also Oak Security (2023), JP Aumasson (2021), Cryspen (2023-24) | WireGuard, proprietary/other | ChaCha20-Poly1305 (AmneziaWG/WireGuard); Sphinx-layered encryption in mixnet mode | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✓ | – | Decentralized: independently operated nodes (not company-owned) | ~600+ nodes | ~70+ | System-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | – | – | ✗ | Yes: 2-hop Fast Mode and 5-hop mixnet (Anonymous Mode) | Yes: mixnet cover traffic, AmneziaWG, and QUIC 'enhanced connection' mode (Nov 2025) | Yes (Android; desktop being rolled out) | ✗ | Allowed (slower via mixnet) | – | Yes (desktop, added 2026) | Partial: unblocks Netflix and Amazon Prime but inconsistent | Fast Mode fast; 5-hop mixnet significantly slower | None: anonymous 24-word secret passphrase, no email | Anonymous account number | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ~US$2.40/mo (2-yr; EUR 2.19/mo on nym.com/pricing); extra discount paying with NYM token or crypto (BTC/ETH/Monero) |
 Obscura VPN | United States (Sovereign Engineering Inc.): no mandatory VPN data-retention law, but design makes activity logging impossible | ✗ | – | – | ✗ | No activity or connection logs; does not store connecting IP ('impossible by design' via two-party relay); only minimal account metadata | No | Yes: Cure53, 2025 (macOS app, network extension, two-party protocol; no high/critical issues) | WireGuard, proprietary/other | ChaCha20-Poly1305 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✓ | – | Mix (Obscura-run relay/entry hop; Mullvad-run exit hop) | ~34 exit locations | ~25 | Yes: kill switch available (level not documented) | – | – | ✓ | ✗ | Yes: always-on two-party relay (WireGuard-over-QUIC entry hop to Mullvad exit) | Yes: custom QUIC-based obfuscation (blends with HTTP/3) | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | Average (multi-hop adds some latency) | None: randomized account number, no email or personal data | Anonymous account number | ✓ | 3 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$8/mo (single tier, no long-term discount) |
 OVPN | Sweden (OVPN Integritet AB): no VPN data-retention obligation; acquired by US-based Pango in 2023 (now Point Wild), and services now operate across EU and US | ✗ | ✓ | – | Yes: 2020 Stockholm Patent & Market Court ruled OVPN had no logs to hand over in a Pirate Bay-related case; rightsholders ordered to pay OVPN's costs | No activity or connection logs: no traffic, timestamps, DNS requests, IP addresses, MAC addresses or bandwidth data (WireGuard peer IP held in RAM only during the session) | No: no-logs status proven in a 2020 Swedish court case rather than by an independent audit | No | WireGuard, OpenVPN | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | – | ✗ | ✓ | Owned | ~100 | ~18 | System-level | DNS, WebRTC (WebRTC via browser extension) | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | Limited (TCP 443 / tls-crypt) | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Yes: unblocks Netflix (US/DE/SE), Hulu, Amazon Prime, Disney+ | Fast | Email-tied account | ✓ | 4 (base), +1 per subscription year (up to ~7) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~EUR4.22/mo (36-month) | |
 PIA | United States: no mandatory VPN data-retention law, but a Five/14 Eyes member | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Yes: 2016 (FBI bomb-threat) and 2018 US federal cases; PIA had no logs/usable data to hand over | No activity or connection logs (100% no-logs policy, RAM-only servers) | Yes: Deloitte (Romania), audits in 2022, 2024 and Dec 2025 under ISAE 3000 | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN | AES-256 (OpenVPN) / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | RSA-4096 / Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✓ | ✓ | Mix | ~29,650 | ~91 | System-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Yes: Multi-Hop via Shadowsocks/SOCKS5 proxy (not two VPN servers) | Yes: Shadowsocks / Multi-Hop obfuscation | ✓ | ✓ | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | Yes: PIA MACE (DNS-level) | Yes: reliably unblocks Netflix, HBO Max and other major services | Fast (WireGuard, 10 Gbps NextGen network) | Email (or fully anonymous when paying by gift card) | Email-tied account | ✓ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~€1.29/mo (3-year + 3-month plan) |
 Proton VPN | Switzerland: no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Swiss transparency report shows legal requests denied; no VPN user data available to hand over (no-logs) | No activity, connection, or user-identifiable metadata logs | Yes: Securitum, 2025 (5th consecutive annual audit; onsite Aug 2025) | Yes: Securitum (app security audits); SOC 2 Type II, 2025 | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, proprietary/other | AES-256 / ChaCha20 | RSA-4096 / ECDHE (Curve25519) | ✓ | ✗ | Mix (owns Secure Core / some hardware; bulk rented via M247, Datacamp, etc.) | ~20,000+ | ~145 | System-level (advanced/permanent kill switch) | DNS / IPv6 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Yes (Secure Core) | Yes (Stealth protocol) | ✓ | ✓ | Yes: P2P/torrenting allowed on designated servers | ✓ | Yes (NetShield ad/tracker/malware blocker) | Yes: reliably unblocks major services (Plus plan) | Fast (VPN Accelerator, up to 10 Gbps servers) | Email (anonymous signup possible) | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ~US$2.99/mo (2-yr) |
 PureVPN | British Virgin Islands (moved from Hong Kong in 2021); no mandatory data-retention law; owner GZ Systems | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 2017 FBI case (US v. Ryan Lin cyberstalking): PureVPN supplied connection logs; originating home and work IP addresses plus timestamps despite 'no-logs' marketing, helping identify and convict the suspect | Now claims no activity or connection logs; retains account email and payment info. Historically (pre-2018) logged connection timestamps and originating IPs, which enabled the 2017 FBI disclosure | Yes: Altius IT (2019, 2024) & KPMG (2021 onward); 4th consecutive audit 2025; 'always-on' unscheduled audit program | Yes: ISO 27001 certified; third-party penetration testing | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | – | Mixed | ~6,000 | ~70 | App-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | – | ✗ | ✗ | Obfuscated servers mode | ✓ | ✓ | Allowed on dedicated P2P servers | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$1.99/mo (5-yr plan) | |
 RiseupVPN | United States (Seattle-based Riseup Networks): no mandatory VPN data-retention law, but within 5/14 Eyes | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | 2016-17: FBI served two sealed warrants + gag order (email service); Riseup complied but states no monitoring hardware was ever installed and servers were never seized. VPN keeps no logs to hand over. | No IP-address logs, no DNS-query logs, no traffic logs; only minimal encrypted connection counts rotated within ~5 days, containing no PII | No | Yes: Cure53 audited the underlying LEAP/Bitmask code (OTF-funded) | OpenVPN | AES-256 | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | App-level | DNS, IPv6 | ✓ | – | ✗ | ✗ | Yes: LEAP bridges (obfs4/Snowflake/QUIC) for censorship circumvention | – | ✗ | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | Average | None | No account required (no registration, no username/password) | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Free (donation-funded) |
 Shock VPN | United States (Shock Hosting LLC, Piscataway, New Jersey): 5 Eyes member, no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | – | – | – | No activity or connection logs; states it does not track connection times or browsing activity while connected | – | – | WireGuard | – | – | – | – | – | 15+ locations | ~11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | None (randomly generated account code) | Anonymous account code | ✓ | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | US$3/mo |
 Speedify | United States: Five Eyes member, but no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Channel-bonding speed VPN by Connectify; retains public IP, device ID, connection start time, session duration and data used, auto-deleted after 6 months; no browsing or DNS logs claimed | ✗ | Partial: mobile apps hold MASA certification (App Defense Alliance); no full independent audit | Speedify proprietary channel-bonding protocol (over DTLS 1.2) | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | DTLS 1.2 with ECDHE | ✗ | – | Rented | – | ~35 | System-wide (Internet Kill Switch); premium only | DNS; DNS leak reported in testing | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Via AdGuard DNS option only | ✓ | Fast | Email-tied account | ✗ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.99/mo (3-yr plan) | |
 StrongVPN | United States: 5 Eyes member; owned by Ziff Davis (formerly J2 Global); no mandatory VPN data-retention law but subject to subpoenas, NSLs and gag orders | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no traffic, IP, timestamp or activity logs; retains account email + payment info; unaudited | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, SSTP, L2TP/IPsec | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard); RSA-2048 (OpenVPN) | ✗ | ✗ | Owned | ~950 | ~30 | App-level | DNS / WebRTC (IPv6 on macOS only) | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | Scramble (OpenVPN; Windows/macOS) | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed network-wide; no dedicated P2P servers | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 12 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$3.97/mo (12-mo, first year) | |
 Surfshark | Netherlands: 9 Eyes member, but no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | April 2026 Amsterdam District Court warrant: only account existence + payment info disclosed; no activity/IP logs available | No activity or connection logs; no browsing history, IP, or session data (retains account email + payment info) | Yes: Deloitte, 2025 (ISAE 3000; also 2023) | Yes: Cure53 (browser extensions/infra); SecuRing, 2025 | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | Curve25519 (WireGuard); post-quantum on WireGuard | ✗ | ✓ | Rented | ~4,500 | ~100 | System-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | Camouflage / NoBorders (OpenVPN) | ✓ | ✗ | Allowed on most servers, no bandwidth limits | ✓ | CleanWeb (ad, tracker & malware blocker) | ✓ | Fast | Email-tied account | ✓ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$2.49/mo (2-yr Starter) | |
 Thunder VPN | Opaque; provider claims 'independent developers from Hong Kong' with a US address used for payment processing only; no verifiable corporate registration found for 'Signal Lab'; contact is a personal Gmail account | – | ✗ | ✗ | – | Claims no-logs, but reviewers found it collects connection timestamps, bandwidth usage, device info, OS version, ISP, app identifier and ad identifier, language, and chosen server location; privacy policy has previously listed IP and email address (provider says IP collection has stopped); connection metadata reportedly retained about one month; no retention or deletion detail; data may be shared with third parties | ✗ | ✗ | SSL | AES-128 | – | ✗ | – | – | – | – | ✗ | Passed IP, DNS, and WebRTC leak tests in reviews; no dedicated leak-protection feature | – | – | ✗ | – | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Technically works; not recommended (no kill switch, invasive logging) | ✗ | ✗ | Limited; fails Netflix and most services; some reviews report only Amazon Prime and YouTube US | Slow | No account or signup required for the free version | Anonymous; no account on free tier | ✗ | Unlimited on free tier (no account) | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | Free (ad-supported) |
 TorGuard | United States (Florida; VPNetworks LLC): 5 Eyes member, but no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | 2021 to 2022: sued by film studios; settled without disclosing user logs, agreed to block BitTorrent on US servers | No traffic or connection logs; retains account email + payment info. Apache web-server logs purged regularly; marketing site uses Google Analytics | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, OpenConnect (AnyConnect), Shadowsocks, Stunnel | AES-256 / ChaCha20 (WireGuard); AES-128 and Blowfish selectable | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | ✗ | – | ~3,000 | ~50 | System-level (plus per-app kill) | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✗ | Stealth mode (OpenVPN Scramble, Shadowsocks, Stunnel) | ✓ | ✓ | Allowed on non-US servers; blocked on US servers via firewall (2022 settlement) | ✓ | Ad and malware blocker | Requires paid dedicated streaming IP (Pro/Premium plans) | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 8 (Standard); up to 30 (Premium) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.28/mo (3-yr Standard) | |
 Trust.Zone | Seychelles: outside 14 Eyes, no mandatory data-retention law | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | – | Claims no activity logs; retains anonymous aggregate usage/bandwidth data (used to enforce trial limits); usage not tied to real IP | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, L2TP/IPsec, SSTP, PPTP | AES-256 (OpenVPN, CBC/HMAC-SHA512); ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | RSA-2048; ECDHE | ✗ | ✗ | Mixed | ~190 (advertised) | ~90 advertised (fewer, ~37 to 40, in apps) | App-level | DNS / IPv6 / WebRTC | – | – | – | Double VPN (Android and iOS only) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | ✗ | Limited (US Netflix via dedicated IP) | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 3 (5 on 2-yr plan) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ~US$2.33/mo (2-yr plan) | |
 TunnelBear | Canada: Five Eyes member; no mandatory data-retention law for VPNs, but owned by McAfee (US) | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | 70 government requests received 2021-2023; no browsing data provided (none logged) | No activity or connection logs (no IPs, no DNS queries, no browsing). Retains email, app/OS version, aggregate monthly bandwidth, coarse geolocation | No: annual Cure53 audits are security-focused, not a dedicated no-logs audit | Yes: Cure53, annually since 2017 (8th published 2024; 9th completed 2025) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2 | AES-256 | – | ✗ | – | – | ~8,000+ | ~46+ | App-level (VigilantBear) | DNS, IPv6 | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | Yes (GhostBear) | Yes (SplitBear; Android and Windows) | ✗ | Allowed on select servers (CA, US, UK, RO, NL, DE, SE); slow in practice | ✗ | Yes: TunnelBear Blocker (separate open-source browser/app blocker) | Limited: inconsistent; some Netflix US, unreliable elsewhere | Average (fast on nearby US servers, slow long-distance) | Email-tied account | ✗ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$3.33/mo (3-yr) | |
 Turbo VPN | Singapore; registered to Innovative Connecting Pte Ltd (UEN 201812738K); no mandatory data-retention law, but ownership is China-linked via Cayman shareholder Lemon Seed Technology and Chinese-national directors | ✓ | ✗ | – | – | Policy admits logging connection date, VPN server location, ISP, and bandwidth usage plus account info; policy states the connection date combined with server location and ISP could let a third party isolate an individual connection | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN (UDP/TCP), IKEv2, L2TP/IPsec, WireGuard (mobile only), proprietary (V2Ray, SSR, Trojan, iSSR) | AES-256 claimed on site; AES-128 observed in independent testing | – | ✗ | – | – | 21,000+ claimed | 111 claimed; roughly 46 verifiable in testing | App-level | DNS leaks found in independent testing across apps | – | – | – | ✗ | – | ✓ | – | Restricted; banned or unreliable on most servers | ✗ | ✗ | Limited; inconsistent unblocking | – | Email required | Email-tied account | ✓ | 10 (up to 20 on higher tier) | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $3.33/month |
 VP.net | United States (reportedly incorporated in Wyoming); a core Five Eyes country with no blanket mandatory VPN data-retention law but subject to US legal process, subpoenas, and gag orders | ✗ | – | – | – | Vendor claims logging is cryptographically impossible: user traffic is processed inside Intel SGX secure enclaves and the company states it does not log IP addresses, browsing history, DNS queries, connection timestamps, or bandwidth. The server-side SGX enclave source is published on GitHub under an audit-only license for public inspection; there is no independent third-party audit and the SGX remote-attestation model has documented criticisms (e.g. a load-balancer split between an attested legit enclave and separate compromised hardware). | No independent no-logs audit; relies on Intel SGX enclave self-attestation plus self-published server code (audit-only license), not a third-party firm review | – | WireGuard | ChaCha20-Poly1305 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Server-side traffic obfuscation described in the enclave code (connection-pool randomization, packet buffering, dummy-traffic generation) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | – |
 VPN Unlimited | United States: Five Eyes member, but no mandatory VPN data-retention law | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | 2022: settled US film-studio piracy suit; agreed to block BitTorrent and pirate sites on US servers | Claims no activity or connection logs; session real IP held in memory only during connection; retains account email and billing data | ✗ | ✗ | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, KeepSolid Wise, L2TP/IPSec | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | – | ✗ | – | – | ~500 (self-claims 3000+) | ~50 (self-claims 80+) | System-level | DNS / WebRTC | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | KeepSolid Wise (TCP/UDP) | ✓ | ✗ | Limited: 3 dedicated servers; blocked on US servers | ✓ | Optional via AdGuard custom DNS | ✓ | – | Email-tied account | ✓ | 5 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ~US$4.50/mo (3-yr plan) | |
 VPN.ac | Romania: outside 14 Eyes; Constitutional Court struck down EU data-retention law (2014) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | – | Keeps connection logs (source IP, connection start/end time, bandwidth used) while a session is active; erased shortly after disconnection. No browsing, DNS, or activity logs. | ✗ | ✗ | OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2, L2TP/IPsec, PPTP | AES-256 / AES-128; ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | RSA-2048 to RSA-4096; ECC (secp256k1) | ✗ | ✗ | Owned | ~130 | ~25 | App-level | DNS / IPv6 | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | OpenVPN XOR | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | SecureDNS | Partial (Netflix US) | Fast | Email-tied account | ✓ | 12 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $3.75/mo (2-year plan) | |
 VyprVPN | USA (Texas); operated by Certida LLC since 2023 (formerly Golden Frog, marketed as Switzerland-based). No mandatory data-retention law, but Five Eyes member and subject to subpoenas and gag orders | ✗ | – | – | No known case of logs being compelled since 2018 audit | No-logs policy: states it does not retain source IP, browsing activity, connection timestamps, or DNS request logs | Yes: Leviathan Security Group, 2018 (not re-audited under US ownership) | – | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec, Chameleon | AES-256 (OpenVPN/Chameleon); ChaCha20 (WireGuard) | Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✗ | – | Owned | 700+ (as of 2026) | 60+ (as of 2026) | System-level and app-level (configurable; not on iOS) | DNS and WebRTC leak protection; IPv6 blocked | ✓ | – | – | ✗ | Chameleon | ✓ | – | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | ✗ | Yes: Netflix, BBC iPlayer, Disney+, Amazon Prime Video | – | – | Email-tied account | ✗ | 10 (reduced from 30) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $3/month on 2-year plan (as of 2026) |
 Windscribe | Canada (Toronto): Five Eyes member, but no mandatory VPN data-retention law; proposed 2026 Lawful Access Act (Bill C-22) could change this, prompting Windscribe to threaten leaving | ✗ | ✓ | – | Yes: 2025 Greek court case; company held no user data to hand over, case dismissed | No identifying logs: retains bandwidth used and username of last activity; no source IP, timestamps, or browsing history | No dedicated no-logs audit (court-proven instead, Greece 2025) | Yes: Packetlabs 2024 (FreshScribe server infra); Leviathan Security Group 2021 (desktop) and 2022 (mobile) | WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, proprietary/other | AES-256-GCM / ChaCha20 | RSA-4096 (OpenVPN) / Curve25519 (WireGuard) | ✓ | ✓ | Mix | – | ~69 | System-level | DNS, IPv6, WebRTC | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Double Hop | Stealth (OpenVPN over TLS) and WStunnel | ✓ | Yes (Pro): ephemeral and static, setup is cumbersome | Allowed on all servers | ✓ | R.O.B.E.R.T (ad/tracker/malware/domain blocking) | Yes: Pro reliably unblocks Netflix (32 libraries) and other major services | Fast | Username only; email optional (needed for more free data) | Username account (email optional) | ✓ | Unlimited | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ~US$5.75/mo (annual Pro); Build-A-Plan from ~$3/mo |
 X-VPN | Singapore (claimed, PDPA); operating entity Free Connected Ltd is Hong Kong-registered; director Jin Li and sole shareholder Chengdu Zhuozhuo Technology Co are based in Sichuan, China; opaque, reportedly China-linked ownership | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | Claims no logging of originating IP, server IP, browsing activity, DNS queries, or connection timestamps; collects email, encrypted password, order/billing IDs, device information, and aggregated bandwidth/operational data; free tier reported to share telemetry with advertisers (AdMob, InMobi) | ISAE 3000 (Revised) no-logs/privacy assessment by an unnamed Big Four firm, completed Feb 28 2026 | ✗ | Everest (proprietary), OpenVPN, WireGuard | AES-256; ChaCha20 | – | ✗ | ✓ | – | 10,000+ | 95 | App-level | DNS and WebRTC leak protection; IP/DNS leaks reported in some browser tests and on macOS kill switch | – | – | – | – | Yes; TLS-based | ✓ | ✗ | Yes; dedicated P2P/BT-labeled servers | ✓ | Yes (paid) | ✓ | – | Email required (disposable/fake email allowed); no payment info required for free tier | Email-tied account | ✓ | 5 (paid); unlimited (free) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | $2.99/month (24-month plan) |
Data last reviewed July 2026.