Canada
Canada Bill C-22 (Lawful Access Act)
Canada's surveillance rebuild: providers ordered to install monitoring capability, encryption breakable on ministerial demand, and a year of everyone's metadata on file. Passed the Commons; the Senate is what remains.
Canada Combatting Hate Act (C-9)
The speech-offense half of the dead Online Harms Act, passed on its own: a hate-crime offense with maximums up to life imprisonment, pre-crime peace bonds, and buffer offenses around places of worship and schools. In force since July 18.
Canada Bill C-34 (Safe Social Media Act)
Canada's under-16 social media ban plus a new Digital Safety Commission, with the operative details left to regulations. Keeping minors out means age ID checks on every adult.
Canada Bill S-209 (Age Verification)
Canada's age-verification bill on its third attempt: a criminal offense to serve adult content without age ID checks, with website blocking as the enforcement tool.
Canada Bill C-63 (Online Harms Act)
The bill that would have created a Digital Safety Commission, life sentences for speech offenses, and pre-crime peace bonds for things not yet said. It died with Trudeau's prorogation, and its halves came back separately.
Canada Online Streaming Act (C-11)
Put the CRTC, Canada's broadcast regulator, over online streaming and audio platforms, with user-generated content pulled in through an exception to the exception.